The term ‘hospital safety’ sounds like a redundant term since hospitals are meant to be safe; but in the context of the evolving complexity of healthcare delivery, it has emerged as a separate discipline focused on preventing and reducing risk, errors, and harm to patients during their hospital stay. In this article we look at why patient harm can occur, preventing it, enabling better communication with your doctors and nurses, and what we need to understand as patients or caregivers to ensure a safe hospital stay.